Evidence Explorer

Every record, on its own terms

Filter by tradition, source type, period, narrator and claim type. Each record states what it supports and what it does not, and its review state is shown rather than assumed.

Reported event

A source states that something happened. That establishes transmission of the report, not the accuracy of every detail in it.

Hadith transmission

The wording and chain of a narration as the named collection prints them, with the collection's own numbering.

Scholarly authentication

A named scholar's published verdict on a chain or text. SacredTwo never computes or assigns a grade of its own.

Theological interpretation

A doctrinal reading offered by a school or a scholar. It is presented as an interpretation, never as a neutral fact.

Modern reconstruction

A modern historian's argument built over the sources. Marked as reconstruction because it is reasoning, not testimony.

Devotional tradition

A practice or text of devotion, presented for its place in worship rather than as historical proof.

20 recordsOpen the dossierA record's presence in a collection is not that tradition's endorsement of a conclusion drawn from it.
Both traditionsQuranic referenceTheological interpretationProphetic era

Quran — Sura al-Ma'ida · 5:67

Text and translation are read from the Tanzil Uthmani / Saheeh International edition in the Quran reader.

Tanzil / Saheeh International

What this record supports

Twelver exegetes apply this verse, which commands the Prophet to convey a decisive message, to the address at Khumm. Several Sunni reports also connect the verse with that occasion; other authorities date it differently. The verse is not itself a statement about succession.

Checked against the edition Permanent source link

Verse text served live from the app's verified corpus. The Ghadir connection is exegesis, not part of the verse.

Both traditionsQuranic referenceTheological interpretationProphetic era

Quran — Sura al-Ma'ida · 5:3

Text and translation are read from the Tanzil Uthmani / Saheeh International edition in the Quran reader.

Tanzil / Saheeh International

What this record supports

The verse of the perfection of religion. Some reports place its revelation at Ghadir, others at Arafa during the same pilgrimage. The dossier shows the dispute rather than choosing a date.

Contested record Permanent source link

The occasion of revelation is disputed in both corpora; the verse itself is not.

Both traditionsQuranic referenceTheological interpretationProphetic era

Quran — Sura al-Ahzab · 33:6

Text and translation are read from the Tanzil Uthmani / Saheeh International edition in the Quran reader.

Tanzil / Saheeh International

What this record supports

States that the Prophet has greater claim (awla) over the believers than they have over themselves — the relation the address at Khumm asks the crowd to affirm, and the lexical basis of the Shia reading of mawla.

Checked against the edition Permanent source link

Verse text served live. Its use as the sermon's premise is reported, and is interpretation where it goes further.

Both traditionsQuranic referenceTheological interpretationProphetic era

Quran — Sura al-Ahzab · 33:33

Text and translation are read from the Tanzil Uthmani / Saheeh International edition in the Quran reader.

Tanzil / Saheeh International

What this record supports

The purification verse, cited in the two weighty things material for the standing of the Prophet's family. It belongs to the wider Ahl al-Bayt dossier and is not evidence for the Khumm address itself.

Checked against the edition Permanent source link

Verse served live; the scope of 'Ahl al-Bayt' here is a separate exegetical question.

Both traditionsQuranic referenceTheological interpretationProphetic era

Quran — Sura Al Imran · 3:61

Text and translation are read from the Tanzil Uthmani / Saheeh International edition in the Quran reader.

Tanzil / Saheeh International

What this record supports

The Mubahala verse, a cross-reference for how the Quran identifies the Prophet's family. Treated fully in its own dossier; listed here because both traditions read it when discussing the household.

Checked against the edition Permanent source link

Verse served live.

Both traditionsHadith collectionHadith transmission3rd–5th century AH

Sahih Muslim · The Ghadir narration of Zayd b. Arqam

Muslim b. al-Hajjaj (d. 261 AH) · Kitab fada'il al-sahaba, chapter on the virtues of Ali (numbering varies by edition)

Narrator: Zayd b. Arqam

مَن كُنتُ مَولاهُ فَهذا عَلِيٌّ مَولاهُ

Whoever I am his mawla, this Ali is his mawla.

SacredTwo working translation, pending review.

Published assessment: Included in the Sahih by its compiler's standard; the compiler states no separate grade for it. — Sahih Muslim — the compiler's placement in his collection

What this record supports

That the sentence was spoken by the Prophet at Khumm before the assembled pilgrims, as reported by a companion. It does not by itself settle what mawla means.

Awaiting editorial check Publisher's page

Confirm the chapter and number against the printed edition in use; numbering differs between prints.

Sunni sourcesHadith collectionScholarly authentication3rd–5th century AH

Jami' al-Tirmidhi · The Ghadir narration of Zayd b. Arqam

al-Tirmidhi (d. 279 AH) · Kitab al-manaqib (numbering varies by edition)

Narrator: Zayd b. Arqam

The passage text is not yet recorded here; only its bibliographic reference is shown.

Published assessment: Graded hasan sahih by al-Tirmidhi in the same passage. — al-Tirmidhi, Jami' — his own grading as printed

What this record supports

That al-Tirmidhi assessed the narration as hasan sahih. It supports the report's standing as a hadith; it does not decide its interpretation.

Awaiting editorial check Publisher's page

Confirm the chapter and number against the printed edition in use; numbering differs between prints.

Sunni sourcesHadith collectionHadith transmission3rd–5th century AH

Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal · Several chains, pages vary by print

Ahmad b. Hanbal (d. 241 AH) · Musnad al-Ansar, the Zayd b. Arqam material; also routes from Abu al-Tufayl

Narrator: Zayd b. Arqam; Abu al-Tufayl

The passage text is not yet recorded here; only its bibliographic reference is shown.

What this record supports

That the report circulated through multiple chains in the third century, including routes later cited by both traditions.

Awaiting editorial check Publisher's page

Confirm the chapter and number against the printed edition in use; numbering differs between prints.

Sunni sourcesHadith collectionReported event3rd–5th century AH

Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal · Chain and page to be confirmed

Ahmad b. Hanbal (d. 241 AH) · The report of Umar's congratulation, as printed

Narrator: Reported from a small number of routes

The passage text is not yet recorded here; only its bibliographic reference is shown.

What this record supports

That some reports describe companions congratulating Ali after the address. It is presented as a report: its chains are discussed in both traditions, and it is not used here as proof of the address's meaning.

Contested record

The congratulation report's chains are weaker and disputed; recorded so the reader can see it in context, not as a conclusion.

Both traditionsHadith collectionHadith transmission3rd–5th century AH

Sahih Muslim · Zayd b. Arqam narration

Muslim b. al-Hajjaj (d. 261 AH) · Kitab fada'il al-sahaba — the two weighty things

Narrator: Zayd b. Arqam

إِنِّي تارِكٌ فيكُمُ الثَّقَلَينِ: كِتابَ اللهِ وَعِترَتي أَهلَ بَيتي

I leave among you the two weighty things: the Book of Allah and my family, my household.

SacredTwo working translation, pending review.

Published assessment: Included in the Sahih by its compiler's standard. — Sahih Muslim — the compiler's placement

What this record supports

That the Prophet joined Scripture and his family in one instruction. This dossier records the instruction; the doctrinal consequences are argued elsewhere and are marked as interpretation.

Awaiting editorial check Publisher's page

Confirm the chapter and number against the printed edition in use; numbering differs between prints.

Shia sourcesHadith collectionHadith transmission3rd–5th century AH

al-Kafi · Kitab al-hujja — the Ghadir report; volume and narration number to be confirmed against the record

al-Kulayni (d. 329 AH) · Thaqalayn library edition, browsable in SacredTwo

The passage text is not yet recorded here; only its bibliographic reference is shown.

Published assessment: Gradings are those published with the Thaqalayn edition. SacredTwo assigns none. — Thaqalayn Shia hadith corpus, as published

What this record supports

That the address is transmitted in the earliest Shia hadith collection, within the book on the proof of God's authority.

Awaiting editorial check Permanent source link

The exact narration has not yet been pinned to its Thaqalayn record; until it is, the record points to the collection, not to a claimed narration number.

Shia sourcesHadith collectionHadith transmission3rd–5th century AH

al-Kafi · Kitab al-hujja — the two weighty things

al-Kulayni (d. 329 AH) · Thaqalayn library edition

The passage text is not yet recorded here; only its bibliographic reference is shown.

Published assessment: As published with the corpus. — Thaqalayn Shia hadith corpus

What this record supports

The Shia transmission of the two weighty things and of the joining of Scripture with the family.

Awaiting editorial check Permanent source link

To be pinned to a specific narration record before publication.

Shia sourcesTheological workTheological interpretation3rd–5th century AH

Kamal al-din wa tamam al-ni'ma · The chapter on the designation of Ali

al-Saduq (Ibn Babawayh) (d. 381 AH)

The passage text is not yet recorded here; only its bibliographic reference is shown.

What this record supports

How fourth-century AH Shia scholarship received and interpreted the address as designation.

Awaiting editorial check

Edition and chapter not yet collated; no text is quoted until it is.

Shia sourcesTheological workTheological interpretation3rd–5th century AH

al-Irshad · The section on the Prophet's designation of Ali

al-Shaykh al-Mufid (d. 413 AH)

The passage text is not yet recorded here; only its bibliographic reference is shown.

What this record supports

The doctrinal account of Khumm as the public appointment, and the argument built from it.

Awaiting editorial check

A doctrinal work: quoted only for its interpretation, never as a primary chronicle.

Shia sourcesTheological workTheological interpretation6th–10th century AH

al-Ihtijaj · The extended sermon of Ghadir

Ahmad b. Ali al-Tabarsi (d. 548 AH)

The passage text is not yet recorded here; only its bibliographic reference is shown.

What this record supports

A late witness to an extended text of the sermon. Important for how the event is narrated in Shia literature, but not usable as evidence for the event's earliest wording.

Awaiting editorial check

Sixth-century AH compilation: the long sermon is treated as a later layer, and only the short formulas are quoted in this dossier.

Sunni sourcesPrimary chronicleReported event3rd–5th century AH

Tarikh al-rusul wa'l-muluk · The events of the year 10 AH

al-Tabari (d. 310 AH)

The passage text is not yet recorded here; only its bibliographic reference is shown.

What this record supports

That a third-century AH chronicle places the halt and the address in the year 10 AH, within the farewell pilgrimage.

Awaiting editorial check

Al-Tabari reports with chains and does not adjudicate; his chains are reproduced, not re-graded here.

Sunni sourcesScholarly commentaryTheological interpretation6th–10th century AH

al-Bidaya wa'l-nihaya · The year 10 AH; the virtues of Ali

Ibn Kathir (d. 774 AH)

The passage text is not yet recorded here; only its bibliographic reference is shown.

What this record supports

A Sunni historian's acceptance that the address occurred, together with his reading of mawla as love — the clearest example that reporting the event and adopting the Shia conclusion are separate acts.

Awaiting editorial check

Confirm the chapter and number against the printed edition in use; numbering differs between prints.

Sunni sourcesScholarly commentaryScholarly authentication6th–10th century AH

Fath al-Bari · Commentary on the relevant chapters of al-Bukhari

Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani (d. 852 AH)

The passage text is not yet recorded here; only its bibliographic reference is shown.

What this record supports

A survey of the several meanings attributed to mawla in this report, useful precisely because it does not reduce them to one.

Awaiting editorial check

Confirm the chapter and number against the printed edition in use; numbering differs between prints.

Shia sourcesScholarly commentaryScholarly authenticationModern

al-Ghadir · The documentation of the event's chains from Sunni sources

Abd al-Husayn al-Amini (d. 1970 CE)

The passage text is not yet recorded here; only its bibliographic reference is shown.

What this record supports

The standard modern Shia documentation of Khumm from Sunni chains. It is scholarship, not a primary source: every citation it makes still has to be checked against the work it cites.

Awaiting editorial check

Secondary scholarship: used to locate primary references, which are then checked individually.

Shia sourcesDevotional textDevotional tradition6th–10th century AH

The commemoration of Eid al-Ghadir · 18 Dhu al-Hijja in the devotional calendar

The passage text is not yet recorded here; only its bibliographic reference is shown.

What this record supports

How the event is observed in Shia devotion — a practice of worship, presented here as devotion and not as historical proof.

Checked against the edition Permanent source link

The observance and its date are taken from SacredTwo's devotional calendar; the practice is labelled as devotion.