Shaykh Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-Ṣaduq · On Traditions From al-Ridha About Unity
17 - حَدَّثَنا تَمِيمُ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّه بْنِ تميمِ القُرَشِيُ رَضِىَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قالَ: حَدَّثَنا أَبي عَنْ أَحْمَدِ بْنِ عَلِى الأَنْصارِي عَنْ [يَ] زِيد بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ بْنِ مُعاوِيَةَ الشَّامِيِّ قالَ دَخَلت عَلَى عَلِىِّ بْنِ مُوسَى الرِّضا عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ بِمرْو فَقُلْتُ له: يا ابْنِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ رُوِىَ لَنا عَنْ الصَّادِق جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّد عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ قالَ: إِنَّهُ لاجَبرَ وَلا تفويضَ بَل أَمْرٌ بَيْنِ أَمْرينِ فَما مَعْناهُ قالَ: مَن زَعَم أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَفْعَلُ أَفعالَنا ثُمَّ يعذِّبنا عَلَيْها فَقَدْ قالَ بِالجَبرِ وَمن زَعَمَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فَوَّض أَمْـر الْخَلْقِ والرِّزْق إِلى حُجَجِهِ عَـلَيْهِ السَّلامُ فَقَدْ قـالَ بِالتَّفوِيـض وَالقائِلُ بالجَبرِكافِرٌ وَالقائِلُ بِالتَّفوِيضِ مُشرِكٌ. فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: يا ابْنِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، فَما أَمْرٌ بَيْنِ أَمْرين: وُجُود السبيل إِلى إِتِيان ما أُمِرُوا به وَتَركِ ما نَهَوا عَنْهُ. فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: فَهَلْ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مشيةٌ وَإِرَادَةٌ فِي ذلِكَ؟ فَقالَ: فَأَمَّا الطَّاعات فَإِرادَةُ اللَّه وَمشيَّتَهُ فِيها الأَمْر بِها وَالرِّضا لَها وَالمُعاوِنَةُ عَلَيْها وإرادَتَهُ وَمشيَّتُهُ فِي المَعاصِي النَّهْيُ عَنْها وَالسَّخَطُ لَها وَالخِذلانُ عَلَيْها. قُلْتُ: فَهَلْ لِلَّهِ فِيها القَضاءُ؟ قالَ: نعم، ما من فِعلٍ يَفعَلُهُ العِبادُ من خَيْرٍ أَوْ شرٍّ إِلاّ وَلِلَّهِ فِيهِ قضاءٌ. قلتُ: ما مَعْنى هذا القَضاءُ. قالَ: الحُكْمُ عَلَيْهِم بِما يستحقّونَهُ عَلَى أفعالَهُمْ مِنَ الثّوابِ وَالعقابِ في الدُّنْيا وَالآخِرَةِ.
11-17 Tamim ibn Abdullah ibn Tamim al-Quraishi (ra) narrated that his father quoted on the authority of Ahmad ibn Ali Al-Ansari, on the authority of Yazid ibn Umayr ibn Mu’awiya ash-Shami that said: "I went to see Ali ibn Musa Al-Rida (AS) in Marv and told him, “O son of the Messenger of Allah! It has been narrated to us from as-Sadiq Ja’far ibn Muhammad (AS) that ‘There is no jabr (determinism), nor tafwid (unrestrained delegation of things to humans). Rather there is something in between. What does that mean?’ He (AS) replied, ‘Whoever thinks that God does our deeds and then punishes us for doing them believes in determinism, and whoever thinks that God, the Honorable and Exalted, has delegated creation and provision to His Proofs (AS) believes in delegation. Whoever believes in determinism is a disbeliever, and whoever believes in delegation is a polytheist.’ <br>Then I asked him, “O son of the Messenger of Allah! Then what is meant by ‘It is something in between’?” He (AS) said, “The way is open to do what God has ordered to be done, and to avoid what He has forbidden.” Then I asked him, “Does God, the Honorable and Exalted, have a will and volition applicable to that (the servants’ deeds)?” He (AS) replied, “Regarding the (servants’) acts of obedience, God’s will and volition applies to His order and His consent regarding such acts. His will and volition regarding the (servants’) acts of disobedience applies to His wrath and His forbiddance of such acts, plus His not assisting the servants regarding such acts.” I asked, “Does God judge about the servants’ deeds?” He (AS) replied, “Yes. Whatever the servants do whether it be a good or a bad deed will be judged by God.” I asked him, “What does this judgement mean?” He (AS) said, “He (God) will make a ruling as to what reward or punishment they deserve to receive for their deeds, in this world and in the Hereafter.”
Translation: Dr. Ali Peiravi — published with the edition, reproduced verbatim.
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